Author: MAI Medical Information Team ·
Reviewed: 2026-04-13 ·
Sources: WHO, UpToDate, PubMed
Hemoglobin Levels: Normal Range, Low & High — What to Do
Hemoglobin (HGB) is one of the most important markers in your blood test. It's the protein in red blood cells responsible for carrying oxygen from your lungs to every tissue in your body.
Normal Hemoglobin Levels
| Group | Normal Range (g/dL) |
|---|---|
| Adult Men | 13.0–17.5 |
| Adult Women | 12.0–16.0 |
| Pregnant Women | 11.0–14.0 |
| Children (1–6 yrs) | 11.0–14.0 |
| Children (6–14 yrs) | 12.0–15.0 |
Low Hemoglobin (Anemia)
Low hemoglobin means your blood isn't carrying enough oxygen. This condition is called anemia.
Symptoms of Low Hemoglobin:
- Constant fatigue and weakness
- Pale skin
- Shortness of breath during physical activity
- Dizziness
- Rapid heartbeat (tachycardia)
- Hair loss and brittle nails
Most Common Causes:
- Iron deficiency — the most common cause, especially in women
- Vitamin B12 deficiency — common in vegetarians
- Folate deficiency
- Chronic bleeding — gastrointestinal or menstrual
- Chronic diseases — kidney disease, cancer
How to Increase Hemoglobin Naturally
- Eat iron-rich foods: red meat, liver, spinach, lentils, beans
- Vitamin C helps iron absorption: citrus fruits, bell peppers, tomatoes
- Vitamin B12: meat, fish, eggs, dairy
- Folate: dark leafy greens, avocados, citrus
- Avoid coffee and tea with meals — they inhibit iron absorption
Important: If your hemoglobin is below 10 g/dL, see your doctor immediately.
Severe anemia may require iron supplements or blood transfusion.
High Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin above normal range (polycythemia) can also be problematic:
- Dehydration — the most common temporary cause
- Smoking — the body compensates for lower oxygen
- Living at high altitude — natural adaptation
- Heart or lung disease
Not sure if your hemoglobin is normal?
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⚠️ Important: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice.
Always consult your doctor before making health decisions.
Sources: World Health Organization (WHO), UpToDate Clinical Reference, PubMed Medical Research Database.
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Sources: World Health Organization (WHO), UpToDate Clinical Reference, PubMed Medical Research Database.